Enzymes
Raw Material - Enzymes
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What Are Enzymes?
Enzymes are protein-biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are fundamental to all biological processes. Typically enzymes bind a substrate in a well confined binding pocket which stabilizes the intermediate state that the substrate has to assume during its conversion into the product of the enzymatic reaction. Enzymes come in all shapes and forms and catalyze all biological processes, including protein synthesis and degradation, metabolic reactions, DNA synthesis and degradation, etc. Enzymes are prime drug targets in the pharmaceutical industry, because enzymes are frequently overactive and are relatively easy targets for small molecule inhibitor discovery.
Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms. They can also be extracted from cells and then used to catalyze a wide range of commercially important processes. For example, they have important roles in the production of sweetening agents and the modification of antibiotics, they are used in washing powders and various clearing products, and they play a key role in analytical devices and assays that have clinical, forensic and environmental applications. The word ‘enzyme’ was first used by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne in 1878, when he was describing the ability of yeast to produce alcohol from sugars, and it is derived from the Greek words en (meaning ‘within’) and zume (meaning ‘yeast).
- Product Name:- Bromelain
- Quality Standard:- 600 GDU,
1200 GDU, 2400 GDU - Usage:- Reduces Inflammation, ulcerative colitis, and pulmonary edema. Stimulate muscle contractions, preventing cancer and improve absorption of antibiotics.
- Product Name:- Serratiopeptidase (EC Coated/Powder)
- Quality Standard:- 2000 – 2600 IU/mg (IP)
- Usage:- Used as an analgesic in painful conditions including back pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, carpel tunnel syndrome, migraine headache, inflammation including sinusitis, laryngitis , ulcerative colitis
- Product Name:- Papain
- Quality Standard:- 50 tu/mg, 100 tu/mg, 1000 tu/mg
- Usage:- Helps with digestion, treat parasitic worms, inflammation of the throat and pharynx, herpes zoster symptoms, sore muscles, diarrhea, hay fever, runny nose, psoriasis, infected wounds, sores and ulcers.
- Product Name:- Alpha Galactosidase
- Usage:- hydrolyzes molecules from glycolipids and glycoproteins found in complex sugars.
- Product Name:- Alpha amylase/Fungal Diastase
- Quality Standard:- 1:2000, 1:3000,
- Usage:- Used as a protein digestive enzyme
- Product Name:- Trypsin
- Quality Standard:- 1:250 Units/mg, 1:2000 Units/gm
- Usage:- Speeds up biochemical reactions
- Product Name:- Trypsin-Chymotrysin
- Quality Standard:- 6:1
- Usage:- Hastens repair of traumatic, orthopedic and surgical injuries.
- Product Name:- Chymotrypsin
- Quality Standard:- 400 USP units/mg
- Usage:- Reduce abscesses, ulcers, surgery, traumatic injuries, help to loosen phlegm in asthma, bronchitis and sinus infections.
- Product Name:- Pepsin
- Quality Standard:- 1:3,000 NF, 1:10,000 NF,
- Usage:- Used as digestive aid
- Product Name:- Pancreatin
- Quality Standard:- IP, 4NF, 8NF, USP, IP
- Usage:- Used as digestive aid
- Product Name:- High Lipase Pancreatin
- Quality Standard:- Amylase : 400 USP unit /mg, Lipase: 100 USP unit /mg, Protease: 400 USP unit /mg
- Usage:- Used as digestive aid
- Product Name:- Lipase
- Quality Standard:- 2000 in/gm — 50000 iu/gm
- Usage:- Used for ingestion, Heartburn, allergy to gluten in wheat products, Crohn’s disease and cystic fibrosis.
- Product Name:- Invertase
- Quality Standard:- 10000 iu/gm
- Usage:- Used for ingestion, as a supplement, as replacement therapy (e.g., in chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, cancer of the pancreas)
- Product Name:- Protease (Alkaline, Neutral, Acidic)
- Quality Standard:- 20000iu/gm
- Usage:- Used as digestive aid
- Product Name:- Lactase
- Quality Standard:- 10000 ALU/gm
- Usage:- Enzyme supplement used in lactose intolerance
- Product Name:- Nattokinase
- Quality Standard:- 2000FU/g – 60000FU/g
- Usage:- Used for cardiovascular disease, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Deep vein thrombosis, atherosclerosis, varicose veins, peripheral artery disease and hemorrhoids.
- Product Name:- Lysozyme
- Quality Standard:- 20000 IU- 30000 IU
- Usage:- Used in food and as dietary supplement
- Product Name:- Beta Glucanase
- Quality Standard:- 40 0/o-70%
- Usage:- Used in treatment of Diabetes, flu, dermatitis, eczema, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis
- Product Name:- Co-enzyme Q10
- Quality Standard:- 10% & 98.0% 10% & 98.0%
- Usage:- Used in treatment of Cardiac failure, Hypertension, Parkinson’s disease and
prevent migraine
- Product Name:- Cellulase
- Quality Standard:- 1000 IU-200000 IU
- Usage:- Digests fiber
- Product Name:- Xylanase
- Quality Standard:- 1000 IU-200000 IU
- Usage:- Used in food industry
- Product Name:- Pectinase
- Quality Standard:- 1000 IU-100000 IU
- Usage:- Helps to increase the bioavailability of sugar in blood.
- Product Name:- Hemicellulase
- Quality Standard:- 1000 IU-100000 IU
- Usage:- Digests fiber
- Product Name:- Alpha Amylase / Fungal Diastase
- Strength / Activity:- 1:2000, USP,EP
- Source:- Aspergillus Oryzae
- Product Name:- Alpha Galactosidase
- Strength / Activity:- 1000 GALU, 2000 GALU, USP,EP
- Source:- Aspergillus Niger
- Product Name:- Bromelain
- Strength / Activity:- 1200 GDU, 2400 GDU, 2500 GDU. USP,EP
- Source:- Stem of Pineapple
- Product Name:- Seratiopeptidase Powder
- Strength / Activity:- 2000-2250 IU/mg- USP, EP
- Source:- Serratia E15
- Product Name:- Trypsin
- Strength / Activity:- 1:125 Units/mg, 1:250 Units/mg,
2000 Units/gm, USP, EP - Source:- Porcine Gastric Mucosa
- Product Name:- Trypsin – Chymotrypsin
- Strength / Activity:- 6:1, USP, EP
- Source:- Porcine Pancrease
- Product Name:- Chymotrypsin
- Strength / Activity:- 400 mg USP
- Source:- Porcine Pancrease
- Product Name:- Pepsin
- Strength / Activity:- 1:3000 NF, 1:10000 NF, USP
- Source:- Porcine Gastric Mucosa
- Product Name:- Pancreatin
- Strength / Activity:- 4mg, 8mg I.P, USP, NF
- Source:- Porcine Pancrease
- Product Name:- Papain
- Strength / Activity:- 100 TU/mg, 1000 TU/mg, USP, EP
- Source:- Latex from the fruit of Carica Papaya
- Product Name:- Lipase
- Strength / Activity:- 1000 FCC, 50000 FCC, USP, EP
- Source:- Saccharomyces Cerevisae
- Product Name:- Lactase
- Strength / Activity:- 9500 ALU/gm, 1,00,000 ALU/gm, USP, EP
- Source:- Aspergillus Niger
- Product Name:- Nattokinase
- Strength / Activity:- 20,000 FU/gm, USP, EP
- Source:- Bacillus Subtilis (Natto)
- Product Name:- Co-Enzyme Q-10 (Ubiquinol)
- Strength / Activity:- 98.0% – 101% & 102%
- Source:- USP, EP
Alpha - Amylase
Amylases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides to yield dextrin, oligosaccharides, maltose and D-glucose. It is basically used as a digestive aids. It is frequently prescribed when suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic pancreatitis, toxemia during pregnancy, pancreatic cancer, kidney failure, pancreatic pseudocysts
Alpha -Amylase in available in range of 1000 FAU/g – 50,000 FAU/g
Fungal Diastase (Alpha - Amylase)
Fungal Alpha-amylase is extracted from the Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Diastase (fungal alpha amylase) has both liquefying and saccharifying actions on starch, liberating a mixture of glucose and maltose as digestion products. It is used as effective digestive aid. It digests carbohydrates along with dead white blood cells (PUS). It is popularly used in mixed enzyme digestive aid formulations. It is also used in bakery for bread making and dough improvement.
Fungal diastase (alpha amylase) is available in the range of 1:2000 FAU/g – 1:50,000 FAU/g
Bromelain
Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the pineapple stem that breaks down other proteins, such as collagen and muscle fiber. It had wide application in pharmaceutical industries. Bromelain helps to inhibit pro-inflammatory compounds, similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reducing swelling & pain without side effects. It helps in assisting burn debridement (the removal of dead, burned tissue), preventing blood clots, enhancing fat removal from the body, aiding digestion and reducing sinus symptoms, such as congestion. It is also used for treating arthritis, gout urinary tract infections, ulcerative colitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Bromelain is available in strength of 600 GDU/g, 1200 GDU/g, 2400 GDU/g, 3000 GDU/g.
Beta - Glucanase
Cell wall modification (beta-glucan breakdown) is regarded as a key step in extract development during malting and brewing. It has been suggested that the rate of modification, of the grains of a barley sample, is principally determined by their contents of cell wall beta-glucan and their potential to synthesise beta-glucanase. Therefore, malt samples, which contain low beta-glucan levels and high beta-glucanase activities, are considered suitable for brewing.
Beta Glucanase digests fiber. It helps in digestive problems such as malabsorption. It is very important enzyme because the human body cannot produce it on its own. Beta Glucanase helps in the breakdown of plant walls (cellulose), and increases the overall efficiency of binding excess cholesterol and toxins in the intestines. Beta Glucanase is used for commercial food processing in coffee; it performs hydrolysis of cellulose during drying of beans. It is also used in textile industry as a fading agent.
Cellulase
Cellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to beta-glucose. It is produced mainly by symbiotic bacteria in the ruminating chambers of herbivores. Aside from ruminants, most animals (including humans) do not produce cellulase, and are therefore unable to use most of the energy contained in plant material. Cellulase digests fiber. It helps in the remedy of digestive problems such as mal absorption
Cellulase helps in the hydrolysis of cellulose into energy-sustaining blood sugar that may help maintain optimal blood sugar levels. It helps keep cholesterol in the blood stream at optimal levels. It supports cell membranes to keep them healthy from free radicals, toxic chemicals, and other entities that are harmful to cell membranes. It aid in mediation of biofilm formation from cellulose produced by many types of pathogens. It helps in breaking down the polysaccharides of microbial biofilms.
Cellulase is available in the range of 50,000 IU-1,00,000 IU/g
Hemicellulase
Hemicellulase is an enzyme complex useful for the isolation of plant protoplasts, biomass conversion, carbohydrate research, liquid food clarification and cell dissociation. A. niger converts cellulose to glucose via multi-enzymatic hydrolysis of beta-D-1, 4-glucans, xylans and hemicellulosic polymers. Hemi cellulose is used often in combination with, glucanase, cellulase or xylanase. It is used foremost as a baking enzyme (in cake mixes) for the enhancement of dough qualities (mechanical handling, stability) and for product optimisation (volume, consistency, storage life); the enzyme is also used for deep-frozen doughs and baked goods, in the production of fruit juice and other beverages, in the production of spirits and in the alcohol industry in general (hemicellulase solubilise the cereal fibrils, which then may be used in fermentation.), in combination with other enzymes in wine production(hemicellulase support the extraction of unwanted substances such as tannins and aromas from the grape skins.) and as an additive to animal feed (better use of animal feed)
Hemicellulose is available in strength of 1000 to 1,00,000 Units/mg
Co - Enzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a substance similar to a vitamin. It is found in every cell of the body. Coenzymes help enzymes work to digest food and perform other body processes, and they help protect the heart and skeletal muscles. It also functions as anantioxidant, which protects the body from damage caused by harmful molecules. It helps in heart failure, as well as cancer, muscular dystrophy, and periodontal disease. It is also said to boost energy and speed recovery from exercise. Uses of CoQ10 include eye disease, chest pain caused by exercise, asthma, chronic fatigue, and high cholesterol, as well as the treatment of chemotherapy side effects in children.
CoQ10 is available as 10% & 90% Nutra grade. 99% USP grade also available
Glucoamylase
Glucoamylase is an important industrial enzyme that is used by the manufacturers of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). More than half of all commercial baked goods and practically all soft drink bottlers use this syrup instead of sugar because HFCS is both sweeter and cheaper. Glucoamylase catalyzes the breakdown of malto-oligosaccharides to glucose. It is used for saccharification of liquid starch in the preparation of amylaceous hydrolysates and of crystal glucose, in the brewing of beer with low dextrin content, in the production of bread and juices.
Glucomylase is available in the range of 25-50,000 AG/g
Invertase
Invertase is a yeast-derived enzyme, which carry out hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing β-D-fructofuranoside residues in β-D-fructofuranosides. Invertase splits sucrose into glucose and fructose (invert syrup) and can be applied for any inversion of sucrose especially liquefied cherry centers, creams, mints, truffles, marshmallow, invert syrup and other fondants. Invertase is used to improve shelf life of confections.
Invertase is available in the range of 2500 U/g – 200,000 U/g
Kallidenogenase
Proteolytic enzymes derived from the serine endopeptidase family found in normal blood and urine. Specifically, Kallikreins are potent vasodilators and hypotensives and increases vascular permeability and affects smooth muscle. They act as infertility agents in men. Three forms are recognized, PLASMA KALLIKREIN, TISSUE KALLIKREIN, and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN .Therapeutically kallikrein is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular and coronary arterial diseases, as well as in delayed fracture and wound healing.
Kallidinogenase is available in the range of 25 U/mg & 50 U/mg
Lactases
Lactase hydrolyzes disaccharide lactose into constituent monomers, so it is used for treating lactose intolerance disorder in infants and older persons for digestion of lactose.
Lactase can be supplied in the range of 9500 ALU/g – 1,00,000 ALU/g
Lipase
Lipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes lipids and the ester bonds in triglycerides, to form fatty acids and glycerol. Lipases serve important roles in yogurt and cheese fermentation. However, lipases are also being exploited as cheap and versatile catalysts to degrade lipids in more modern applications such as baking, laundry detergents and even as biocatalysts in alternative energy strategies to convert vegetable oil into fuel.
Lipase is available in the range of 1000 FCCFIP – 50,000 FCCFIP
Maltase
Maltase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose to the simple sugar glucose.The enzyme is found in plants, bacteria, and yeast; in humans and other vertebrates it is thought to be synthesized by cells of the mucous membrane lining the intestinal wall. During digestion, starch is partially transformed into maltose by the pancreatic or salivary enzymes called amylases; maltase secreted by the intestine then converts maltose into glucose. The glucose so produced is either utilized by the body or stored in the liver as glycogen (animal starch)
Nattokinase
Nattokinase, a serine proteinase enzyme extracted from Bacillus subtilis, is considered to be one of the most active functional ingredients found in natto. It facilitates the catabolism of fibrin clot and also has inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and fibrin ability.
Nattokinase is available in range of 2000FU/g – 20,000FU/g
Phytase
Phytase is any type of phosphatase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) an indigestible, organic form of phosphorus that is found in grains and oil seeds and releases a usable form of inorganic phosphorus. While phytases have been found to occur in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, phytases have been most commonly detected and characterized from fungi.
Phytase is available in range of 2000 – 100000 IU/g
Pancreatin
Pancreatin is a mixture of several digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine cells of the pancreas. It is composed of amylase, lipase and protease. This mixture is used to treat conditions in which pancreatic secretions are deficient, such as surgical pancreatectomy, pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis. It has been claimed to help with food allergies, celiac disease, autoimmune disease, cancer and weight loss. Pancreatin is an effective enzyme supplement for replacing missing pancreatic enzymes, and aids in the digestion of foods in cases of pancreatic insufficiency.
Available as 4 NF, 8 NF and 10 NF
High Lipase Pancreatin
High Lipase Pancreatin is a Cream-Colored, Amorphous Powder. It is a mixture of Amylase, Lipase and Protease digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine cells of the pancreas. It is indicated for the treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Steatorrhoea and Gastrectomy as an aid to digestion. Malabsorption of neutral sterols and short-chain fatty acids due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is the main gastrointestinal problem in cystic fibrosis.
Papain
Papain is naturally occurring enzyme, obtained from latex of fruit of PAPAYA (Carica papaya Latex). The enzyme Papain is obtained by drying papaya latex by suitable method viz; sun drying, tray drying, spray drying etc. spray drying gives a fine powder, which dissolves easily in water to provide a solution of high proteolytic activity.
Papain is widely used for replacement therapy in pathological conditions in which the concentration of bile acids in upper intestine is low such as biliary fistula, disease of the ileum, and hepatic or extra – hepatic cholestasis. Papain is an excellent fibrinolytic and caseionolytic enzyme, which in combination with amylase and lipase proves to be formidable digestive aid. It is also used for preparation of medicines such as ointments for debridement of wounds, inflammatory processes and also for cleaning solutions for soft contact lenses.
Papain is available in the range of 100 TU to 1000 TU.
Pectinase
Pectinase is a general term for enzymes that break down pectin, a polysaccharide substrate that is found in the cell walls of plants. Pectinases are actually a mixture of enzymes, which, along with others such as cellulase, are widely used in the fruit juice industry where they are widely used to help extract, clarify and modify fruit juices. They are also used as an animal feed supplement, and as a nutraceutical.
Pectinase in available in range of 1000 IU/g – 50,000 IU/g
Pepsin
Pepsin is one of the principal protein degrading or proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system. During the process of digestion, Pepsin acts on the complex dietary protein and breaks up into peptides and amino acids which can be readily absorbed by the intestinal lining. It helps in digestive disturbance in general and as a result of impaired production of gastric juice. It acts as an adjunct in the treatment of anemic conditions, especially during slimming diet when protein intake increases. It is used as research tool in protein analysis and as digestive syrup in heart burn, acid indigestion and sour stomach. It is also used in tablets for increasing appetite and in the preparation of cheese and other protein-containing foods.
Pectinase is available in range of 1:3000 NF, 1:10000 NF & 1:15000
Proteases
Proteases (Proteinase, Peptidases or Proteolytic enzymes) are enzymes that break peptide bonds between amino acids of proteins. The process is called proteolytic cleavage, a common mechanism of activation or inactivation of enzymes especially involved in blood coagulation or digestion.
The greatest industrial use of protease is for laundry detergents where they help to remove protein based stains (such as blood and egg) from clothing. The second largest use of protease is for cheese making. Enzymes from calf stomach and microbial sources are used to clot milk which is one of the first steps in cheese making. Proteases are also used for bating (softening) leather, modifying food ingredients (e.g. soy protein whipping agents), meat tenderizers, and flavor development. Proteases have also been studied for their role in blood clotting and inflammatory diseases.
Protease is available in the range 10,000 HUT/g – 80,000 HUT/g
Serratiopeptidase
Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) produced by enterobacterium Serratia sp. It breaks down “non living” matter in the human body, including cysts, arterial plaque, blood clots and scar tissue. It improves circulation in the inflammatory focus by breaking down abnormal exudes like protein by promoting the removal of the decomposing products through the blood and lymphatic vessels. It also accelerates the elimination of sputum, puss and haematoma with its mucolytic and fibrinolytic activities and thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug at the site of action. It has no known side effect.
Serratiopeptidase is available in strength of 2200 – 2400 IU/mg
Serratiopeptidase Enteric Coated Granules
Serratiopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) produced by enterobacterium Serratia sp. It breaks down “non living” matter in the human body, including cysts, arterial plaque, blood clots and scar tissue. It improves circulation in the inflammatory focus by breaking down abnormal exudes like protein by promoting the removal of the decomposing products through the blood and lymphatic vessels. It also accelerates the elimination of sputum, puss and haematoma with its mucolytic and fibrinolytic activities and thereby increasing the bioavailability of the drug at the site of action. It has no known side effect.
Serratiopeptidase is available in strength of 2200 – 2400 IU/mg
Trypsin
Trypsin is a pancreatic serine protease found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyses proteins. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine. It is also used in debriding agent for cleaning of necrotic wounds, ulcers, empymas, and fistulas. Trypsin enzyme can be employed in ointment or as a wet or dry dressing. In solution trypsin may be used as aerosol to liquefy tenacious sputum in brochial disorder.
Trypsin preparations are widely utilized in food processing as a baking enzyme to improve the workability of dough, in the extraction of seasonings and flavourings from vegetable or animal proteins and in the manufacture of sauces, to control aroma formation in cheese and milk products, to improve the texture of fish products, to tenderize meat, during cold stabilization of beer, in the production of hypoallergenic food where proteases break down specific allergenic proteins into nonallergenic peptides. For example, proteases are used to produce hypoallergenic baby food from cow’s milk thereby diminishing the risk of babies developing milk allergies.
Trypsin is available in strength of 1:250 IU/g
Trypsin in the range of 50,000IU/g – 1,00,000IU/g
Trypsin - Chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme belonging to a super family of enzymes called serine proteases. It uses an active serine residue to perform hydrolysis on the C-terminus of the aromatic amino acids of other proteins. Chymotrypsin is a protease enzyme that cleaves on the C-terminal phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), and tyrosine (Y) on peptide chains. It shows specificity for aromatic amino acids because of its hydrophobic pocket.
Chymotrypsin is available in the strength of 6:1 IU/g
Xylanase
Xylanases belong to the pentosanases, a group of enzymes that break down components of the cell wall matrix of plants (fibre).
Xylanases are usually used as a baking enzyme to improve dough qualities (workability, stability) and to optimize the product (stabilizing of crust and volume), in the production of liquor and in the alcohol industry (xylanases unlock the mucilaginous substances in grain to utilize them for fermentation), in the manufacture of fruit juices and beverages.
Xylanase are also used as a feed additives, as they contribute to a better digestion of plant-derived feed by liberating the xylanase contained in plants, and in starch production in textile and paper industry.
Alpha Galactosidase
Alpha-galactosidase is glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyzes the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins. It also hydrolyzes indigestible galactans present in intestine and neglects their anti- effect like gas production resulting in bloating, pain and general discomfort. . It helps in digestion and maintains the proper functioning of the system, reduce intestinal gas, and deal with complex carbohydrate intolerance
Alpha-galactosidase is available in strength of 500 AGU/g – 50,000 AGU/g
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